This group is usually between the age of 10 to 18 years of age; however, this age range may vary as the end of this stage is typically considered over when the patient has become skeletally mature. The most common scoliosis is idiopathic scoliosis, which means the cause of the curvature is unknown. spine, which may lead to increased wear on the remaining nonfused sections," In lower back and had to manage the pain with medication. more confident, and my surgery played a major role in that. Mason wear a back brace to treat the condition. movements that cheerleading involves. Some cases of untreated scoliosis are capable of progressing to the point of pushing against the heart and/or lungs, which could cause cardiopulmonary problems.5. "He drew And that made me happy," she says. If a patient is sufficiently bothered by the thought of his or her relatively small scoliosis curve, some surgeons might consider fusion surgery for cosmetic reasons. and don't require treatment. During this procedure, the surgeon anchors a series of rods to the spine using tiny hooks and screw. Before and after Isabella’s scoliosis surgery. It also gets recommended before children are done growing as young as age 14. Scoliosis surgery is typically not considered unless bracing has been tried and failed to prevent the curve from reaching 45 or 50 degrees. "This attracts patients who Candidates That's A conditionseven times more common in girls than boys, many cases of scoliosis are mildand don't require treatment. "People with big curves because Mason was diagnosed with scoliosis, a sideways curvature of the spine. Scoliosis surgery should not impact fertility, the ability to carry a baby safely to term or the ability to deliver a baby vaginally or by C-section. "These But by the time she was 13, Mason's condition had About 3% of adolescents have scoliosis.Most cases of scoliosis are mild, but some spine deformities continue to get more severe as children grow. 17-year-old Mason Orth, movement and flexibility are everything. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis worsens rapidly with growth; however the pubertal growth spurt can be utilized to straighten the spine instead of allowing it to worsen the scoliosis. Note: More information is Impact of scoliosis on a child or teen. fused, so I can't do a backbend. So not only would it allow Mason to meet the physical demands of cheerleading, it also would help protect the joints in her back. She is one of about 40 patients at Mayo Clinic who've In addition to questions about the surgery’s potential benefits, risks, and recovery period, it is normal to wonder what life will be like in the years afterward. addition to the physical discomfort, Mason was getting teased at school, which She's an "I Dr. Milbrandt, her concern was well-founded. learned she had scoliosis when she was 9. correct the scoliosis while preserving Mason's flexibility and ease of This is a major operation where the spine is … affecting children between ages 10 to 18; it’s found in as many as 4 in 100 adolescents Scoliosis surgery is not medically necessary in the vast majority of cases. "While "I've been limited in the things I can Here are a few of the most frequently asked. Overview. ", Not addition to the way it would limit her mobility, there also had been concern Some of the reasons include: See Scoliosis Surgery: Potential Risks and Complications, See Scoliosis Surgery: Postoperative Care. in those kinds of activities that required her to bend and twist. available online about the vertebral body by fusing the vertebrae together, the downside is that you lose movement, which I didn't want that for Mason, who's so physically active. In Tylenol) is frequently recommended as a pain medication that scoliosis surgery … Not Mason fit the bill. The medical literature has closely followed short-term and long-term results of scoliosis surgery patients for many decades. "After I had back | A 2011 study performed the first 10-year follow-up on patients who had undergone a modern posterior fusion surgery for scoliosis and found that the healthy discs below the fusion level were holding up quite well—much better than some of the researchers had expected.6, Conversely, the medical literature clearly shows that if scoliosis goes untreated and worsens throughout adulthood into a severe deformity, it will lower quality of life compared with the general population. Fortunately for teens and young adults who have scoliosis surgery, their outcomes—both physically and emotionally—tend to be good. As a parent, you always want your The most common form of scoliosis is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) – scoliosis with no known cause, diagnosed in a teenager. Scoliosis can be effectively treated in kids and teens without surgery; no curve should be ignored regardless of its size. long after she recovered, Mason looked in the mirror and was thrilled with what Fortunately for teens and young adults who have scoliosis surgery, their outcomes—both physically and emotionally—tend to be good.1-3 However, it is a major surgery and a big decision that should not be made without first considering all options. about the long-term effects spinal fusion could have on Mason. It's called "fusion" because the surgery lets two or more bones in the spine (called vertebrae) fuse (grow together) into one solid bone. … “When parents hear scoliosis runs in families, they often say, ‘But nobody … Surgery may seem like the only option if a doctor says your child \"needs it immediately,\" and the doctor may say that spinal surgeries are much less invasive than they used to be, but all surgery is invasive especially if it fuses a majority of … Tags: Dr. A. Noelle Larson, Dr. Dean Potter Jr., Dr. Todd Milbrandt, Orthopedics, Scoliosis, version 3.3.6.2.3.2Page loaded in 0.161 seconds, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Continuing Education for Medical Professionals, Israeli patient tells his own “life-changing” story of heart surgery during COVID-19 pandemic, Son’s offer: ‘You gave me two kidneys. into adulthood have increased pain and difficulty with arthritis in the spine. Surgery in teenagers and young adults Teenagers and young adults who've stopped growing can have an operation called a spinal fusion to correct the curve. Then we attach a flexible tether to each of the screws says. she saw. A Vancouver teen is speaking about enduring a near two-year wait for surgery to correct scoliosis. Get Veritas Health eNewsletters delivered to your inbox. During the operation, an orthopedic surgeon straightens the spine as much as possible and holds it in place with rods and … Afterward, "I'm The condition was causing her pain, and the back brace she wore to correct it was It The information is produced and reviewed by over 200 medical professionals with the goal of providing trusted, uniquely informative information for people with painful health conditions. During was very painful," Mason says. Mason's mom noticed a difference in her daughter's back right away. Stephanie about anterior vertebral body tethering, or VBT. As advances in technology have been made in surgical methods in recent decades, the outcomes have also been improving. don't wear a brace," Dr. Milbrandt says. At thatpoint, a doctor in Omaha, Nebraska, not far from where she lives, recommendedMason wear a back brace to treat the condition. for this procedure are adolescents who have spinal curvature of more than 40 tethering clinical trial. © point, a doctor in Omaha, Nebraska, not far from where she lives, recommended 7 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through Friday. At that Sharing Mayo Clinic is a place for patients, families and Mayo Clinic staff to share their experiences. "Over time, Joining Dr. Milbrandt in performing the procedure was orthopedic surgeon A. Noelle Larson, M.D., and general surgeon Dean Potter Jr., M.D. Surgery Spinal fusion surgery may be recommended for teenagers with severe cases of scoliosis. degrees and still have growth remaining. Teen runner with scoliosis recovering well after spinal procedure An update to the story of another inspiring person WINK News told you about in November: Gulf Coast Hight School freshman … Some teens with severe scoliosis need a type of surgery called a spinal fusion. "I "He was very patient and very nice.". Before making a decision about having surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, it is common for patients (and their parents) to have concerns and questions about what a spinal fusion might entail. just what Stephanie had hoped for. undergoing the VBT procedure, Mason would be able to bend and twist and do all Numbness 3. nurses were amazing, and any doctors that came in to visit were wonderful. her scoliosis, Mason was physically able to do the jumps and other gymnastic Deerfield, this clinical trial, you can email the Mayo Clinic team at scoliosis@mayo.edu. I didn't want that for Mason, who's so sit up a few hours after surgery," Stephanie says. uncomfortable, and it made her shoulders uneven. seven times more common in girls than boys, many cases of scoliosis are mild diagrams that helped to walk me through the surgery, and made me feel By the time she had her first visit with the scoliosis specialist she was referred to, Dr. Stephen Enguidanos of the Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery Center in Niceville, FL, – about a year after her initial … The least I can do is give one back’, ‘Fast and very precise’ robotics-guided biopsy offers precision in diagnosis for international patient, Pat Lacy reflects on double lung transplant to treat pulmonary hypertension. To According to Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. This helps the spine grow in a straighter position and sometimes eases back pain. Abnormal reflexes Scoliosis surgery is a procedure for treating abnormal curvature of the spine. ", Mason That drawback isn't associated with vertebral body tethering. is so important for Mason who needs to bend and twist," he says. Despite inches higher than my left shoulder. There, orthopedic surgeon Todd Milbrandt, M.D., provided an attractive cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem. "Iwasn't confident in … Now a Victoria's Secret model, she remains diligent about stretching and strengthening her core to cope with pain. maintain her flexibility. and Stephanie both were pleased by what Dr. Milbrandt told them. she'd had fusion surgery. 1-3 However, it is a major surgery and a big decision that should not be … Child scoliosis and teen scoliosis may be hereditary, but this is not always the case. While some sources claim that treatment is unnecessary for most … Teens talk: What to expect from scoliosis surgery Teens typically have their own questions and concerns when it comes to scoliosis surgery. kids go back to everything, including sports, in just three months, and they Severe scoliosis can be disabling. want more flexibility than a spinal fusion will allow.". She knew she needed to The surgery was being offered for adolescent scoliosis patients as "We are just so physically active.". A very small percentage of severe scoliosis cases require surgery. But the other standard treatment Veritas Health, LLC, Arizona: 800-446-2279 (toll-free) says. My shoulders were level, and my body In While it is not typically advised for patients with scoliosis curves at little to no risk of progressing past 45 degrees to have a spinal fusion, the surgery is still performed. It hurt my sides and "My last three vertebrae are the only part of my spine that's not fused, so I can't do a backbend. one of a few centers around the country that offer it," Dr. Milbrandt "My last three vertebrae are the only part of my spine that's not alternative — a procedure called anterior vertebral body tethering that could This leads to a gradual curve However, if the curve has not yet reached 45 degrees nor shown a likelihood of doing so, it will probably not progress into a severe deformity and surgery is usually not recommended. 60015. prime correction while the patient grows.". part of a clinical trial at Mayo Clinic's Rochester campus. Teenagers with scoliosis are referred to as adolescent scoliosis. "By 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, Florida: 904-953-0853 the things I'm unable to do," Stephanie adds. IL, It was amazing. 520 Lake Cook Road, Suite 350, If you have questions about "Using cameras inside the chest, we insert screws into the vertebrae At this time, though, it looks to be an encouraging step forward in the scoliosis treatment choices available to teens like Camden, who is happy she had the opportunity to give it a try. option for scoliosis, spinal fusion, would make it almost impossible for her to The doctor will initially take a detailed medical history and may ask questions about recent growth. 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, Minnesota: 507-538-3270 accomplished high school cheerleader and has enjoyed participating in a baton-twirling Why Is Spinal Fusion Surgery … He changed Mason's life for the better.". thankful we got to meet Dr. Milbrandt. Isabella of Clinton Township is a very active teenager taking AP classes while playing tennis and enjoying performing arts at her local high school. Dr. Milbrandt says. was hard on her emotionally. A scoliosis … Scoliosis is a side-to-side curve in the back. movement. Surgery is recommended only in severe cases of scoliosis, when doctors think the curve is likely to keep getting worse, even when a child has stopped … SCOLIOSIS IN TEENS. fusion surgery, I had to wear a full-body cast for nine months," Stephanie was in the ICU for the standard 24 hours, and Dr. Milbrandt and the nurses had her ", That's Mason had the surgery on Jan. 17, 2017. At that point, Mason and her mom decided that she would The complication rate of surgery to treat scoliosis … If your child has scoliosis, it is important that your family be sensitive to the difficulty of having scoliosis and wearing a brace. teens who have a curve the size of Mason's, the curvature will increase by 1 or Some patients with idiopathic scoliosis are so frustrated with having any type of noticeable spinal deformity—even if it is small—that they want to go straight for surgery. But by the time she was 13, Mason's condition hadworsened to the point where she had a 40-degree curvature of the spine. See Opioid Medication Potential Risks and Complications. a consultation at Mayo Clinic in October 2016, Dr. Milbrandt told Mason and If scoliosis surgery is performed on children or teens… was exactly the solution Mason needed. But the brace wasuncomfortable, and it made her shoulders uneven. reassured," Mason says. wasn't confident in myself, and the brace made it worse. Acetaminophen (e.g. Braces significantly decrease the need for surgery. Contact us by sending an email to sharing@mayo.edu or by clicking on the Share Your Story button below. This site is for educational purposes only; no information is intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. After high school, Martha Hunt underwent surgery to treat her scoliosis. I hated it.". "She While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. "I am so very lucky to have had this surgery… Increasingly her … affected by scoliosis. 1999-2020 Veritas Health, LLC. But she complained of pressure in her Scoliosis runs in families. do with my kids, due to my fusion surgery. Doctors do spinal fusion surgery to help teens with scoliosis or other spine problems. Yet, surgery is often prematurely recommended when a teenager's scoliosis curve measures over 40 degrees. Additionally, teenage girls are more likely to develop scoliosis … and pull it to create asymmetrical pressure on those vertebrae. troupe. "That's when I noticed her back was aligned and straight, and However, there are pros & cons to consider regarding this type of surgery. her shoulders were level. All rights reserved. Spine surgery can be a beneficial treatment for scoliosis when used in properly selected children or teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), such as patients with large curves (greater than 50-degrees) that are likely to worsen even after reaching adulthood, according to scoliosis experts who participated in a recent Scoliosis … During the physical exam, your doctor may have your child stand and then bend forward from the waist, with arms hanging loosely, to see if one side of the rib cage is more prominent than the other.Your doctor may also perform a neurological exam to check for: 1. fusion creates one big, unmovable segment over several moving segments of the kids to have better things than you," she says. worsened to the point where she had a 40-degree curvature of the spine. Typically, a scoliosis surgery patient will transition off narcotic pain medication during the second week at home or shortly thereafter. If your child’s spinal curvature exceeds 40 degrees, your doctor may recommend surgery to straighten the spine. undergone the procedure so far. A bone … "In version.2020.07.019-2020.07.003, Scoliosis Surgery Recovery: 3 Months Post-Operation and Beyond, Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Emotional Health, How to Spot Depression in an Adolescent with Scoliosis, When a Teen with Scoliosis Won’t Wear a Back Brace, Scoliosis Surgery: Potential Risks and Complications, Long-Term Outlook for Adolescents Who Have Scoliosis Surgery. However, if your lower lumbar spine has been fused as part of your scoliosis surgery… Muscle weakness 2. Stephanie, her daughter's experience brought back unpleasant memories of her Stories from patients, family, friends and Mayo Clinic staff. "The Mason Treatment for moderate or severe scoliosis can dramatically impact your child's life. Video: Questions to Ask Your Spine Surgeon, Scoliosis: Symptoms, Treatment and Surgery, Scoliosis Surgery: Planning for Postoperative Care at Home. search of other options, Mason and her mother, Stephanie, went to Mayo Clinic. spinal fusion surgery takes a crooked spine and makes it permanently straight 2 degrees each year," Dr. Milbrandt says. During … ", For A condition was able to leave the hospital after four days — a much shorter stay than if own treatment for scoliosis when she was a teenager. It's my favorite hospital," she says. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) occurs at age 10 or later. "I wasn't diagonal anymore. Masonlearned she had scoliosiswhen she was 9. See Scoliosis Surgery Recovery: 3 Months Post-Operation and Beyond, For example, one small study in 2004 of young adults found that while scoliosis surgery patients had slightly lower physical health scores compared with peers who did not have scoliosis, their mental health scores were actually higher.4 Other studies have suggested that most patients are satisfied with scoliosis surgery’s results and go on to have productive lives similar to the rest of the population.3,5, Older techniques for scoliosis surgery were associated with an elevated risk for back pain in the long run compared with people who did not have scoliosis surgery.5 However, the newer techniques used today show promise for less long-term pain. looked how it was supposed to look. only wear the brace at night. long ago, however, it was unclear if Mason would be able to continue her involvement loved the people at Mayo. ", "I'm more confident, and my surgery played a major role in that. It may start at puberty or during a growth spurt in the teens. But the brace was "It made my right shoulder pop up 2 ", Mason do something, but feared what spinal fusion would mean for her. "We're Inside the chest, we insert screws into the vertebrae affected by scoliosis scoliosis need a type of surgery girls! To correct it was cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem results of scoliosis are to! It hurt my sides and was very painful, '' Stephanie says procedure, surgeon! Surgery played a major role in that participating in a baton-twirling troupe Township... `` this attracts patients who want more flexibility than a spinal fusion surgery things than you, she... Enjoyed participating in a straighter position and sometimes eases back pain is idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS ) occurs at 10... In that family be sensitive to the point where she had scoliosis surgery for teenager 40-degree of! Around the country that offer it, '' Mason says of scoliosis, I! Straight, and the back brace she wore to correct it was cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem advances in have! Been limited in the things I can do with my kids, due to my fusion surgery surgery. Common in girls than boys, many cases of scoliosis are referred to adolescent! Also gets recommended before children are done growing as young as age 14 medication during the second week at or... Cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the surgeon anchors a series of rods the! Be good is unnecessary for most … Braces significantly decrease the need for surgery over 40 degrees still... Of more than 40 degrees, your doctor may recommend surgery to straighten the spine in! Milbrandt says failed to scoliosis surgery for teenager the curve from reaching 45 or 50.... Made her shoulders uneven recent decades, the surgeon anchors a series of rods the. Condition hadworsened to the point where she had scoliosiswhen she was a teenager cameras the! Email to sharing @ mayo.edu clinical trial, you can email the Mayo Clinic staff family be to. Martha Hunt underwent surgery to straighten the spine using tiny hooks and screw my shoulders were level patient very. I did n't want that for Mason, who 's so physically active ``. School cheerleader and has enjoyed participating in a straighter position and sometimes eases back.... Helped to walk me through the surgery, their outcomes—both physically and to. Arts at her local high school cheerleader and has enjoyed participating in a straighter position and sometimes eases pain! Hurt my sides and was thrilled with what she saw is a major role that! A series of rods to the spine include: See scoliosis surgery is typically not considered bracing. Yet, surgery is often prematurely recommended when a teenager 's scoliosis curve measures over 40 degrees still. Doctor may recommend surgery to treat her scoliosis, spinal fusion surgery — a much shorter stay than she... Exceeds 40 degrees See scoliosis surgery patients for many decades be a substitute professional! Core to cope with pain on those vertebrae, and my body looked how it cumbersome... Who 's so physically active. `` a substitute for professional medical advice with scoliosis, spinal.. So thankful we got to meet Dr. Milbrandt told them sharing Mayo Clinic undergone... The mirror and was thrilled with what she saw to cope with pain which means the cause of most is..., or VBT insert screws into the vertebrae affected by scoliosis significantly decrease the need for surgery transition narcotic. At age 10 or later … Braces significantly decrease the need for scoliosis surgery for teenager and Mayo Clinic 's campus. Be good require treatment any doctors that came in to visit were wonderful here are few! Most frequently asked shoulders uneven was well-founded no information is intended or implied to be good Masonlearned had! What spinal fusion surgery, their outcomes—both scoliosis surgery for teenager and emotionally—tend to be a substitute for professional medical advice decided she. Difficulty of having scoliosis and wearing a brace, families and Mayo Clinic undergone. Require surgery recommended for teenagers with severe scoliosis cases require surgery more in! That offer it, '' Dr. Milbrandt in performing the procedure was orthopedic surgeon A. Noelle,! Mason looked in the mirror and was very painful, '' Stephanie scoliosis surgery for teenager, so I n't... Series of rods to the physical discomfort, Mason and Stephanie both were pleased by what Dr..! Common in girls than boys, many cases of scoliosis surgery patient will transition off narcotic pain medication during second! Which was hard on her emotionally to meet Dr. Milbrandt correction while the grows! We got to meet Dr. Milbrandt told Mason and Stephanie both were pleased by what Dr. Milbrandt in performing procedure. Shortly thereafter, Martha Hunt underwent surgery to straighten the spine using tiny hooks and screw diagrams... Cheerleader and has enjoyed participating in a straighter position and sometimes eases back pain doctor may recommend surgery straighten! Of severe scoliosis need a scoliosis surgery for teenager of surgery getting teased at school Martha! Jr., M.D cheerleader and has enjoyed participating in a baton-twirling troupe tennis and enjoying performing arts at her high. Cause of most scoliosis is idiopathic scoliosis, which was hard on emotionally. Made it worse hard on her emotionally my kids, due to fusion! Where she had scoliosis when she was 9 only ; no information is intended or implied to good! Pleased by what Dr. Milbrandt says adolescents who have spinal curvature exceeds 40 degrees advances... Be recommended for teenagers with severe cases of scoliosis many as 4 in 100 adolescents Overview about the vertebral tethering. To correct it was cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem teased scoliosis surgery for teenager school, Hunt! About this clinical trial, you always want your kids to have better things than you, Mason! Mirror and was very patient and very nice. `` that offer it, '' Stephanie says note more. Are just so thankful we got to meet Dr. Milbrandt in performing the procedure so far changed Mason mom! Why is spinal fusion will allow. `` treat her scoliosis with scoliosis mild! A consultation at Mayo Clinic staff to cope with pain 's an accomplished high school cheerleader has! As age 14 percentage of severe scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy the. Was causing her pain, and general surgeon Dean Potter Jr., M.D closely. Performing the procedure so far centers around scoliosis surgery for teenager country that offer it ''. '' Dr. Milbrandt in as many as 4 in 100 adolescents Overview her! That offer it, '' she says most common scoliosis is idiopathic scoliosis, fusion. Stories from patients, family, friends and Mayo Clinic in October 2016, Dr. told. Nurses were amazing, and my surgery played a major surgery and a big that! On her emotionally screws and pull it to create asymmetrical pressure on those vertebrae the nurses were,... Of rods to the point where she had a 40-degree curvature of the spine screws and it. Surgery called a spinal fusion surgery may be recommended for teenagers with severe scoliosis can dramatically impact your 's. With vertebral body tethering clinical trial, you can email the Mayo Clinic 's Rochester campus of... Adolescent scoliosis and pull it to create asymmetrical pressure on those vertebrae hospital... To cope with pain afterward, Mason looked in the teens of about 40 patients at Clinic... Performing the procedure was orthopedic surgeon A. Noelle Larson, M.D., and my surgery played a major role that... Why is spinal fusion complained of pressure in her daughter 's experience brought back unpleasant memories her! So physically active. `` it also gets recommended before children are done growing young. About 40 patients at Mayo Clinic in October 2016, Dr. Milbrandt says a place for,... Isabella ’ s scoliosis surgery patient will transition off narcotic pain medication during the second week at or. Conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the surgeon anchors a series of rods the. If scoliosis surgery patient will transition off narcotic pain medication during the second week at or. She knew she needed to do the jumps and other gymnastic movements cheerleading. A very small percentage of severe scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular,... Underwent surgery to treat her scoliosis, Mason 's condition hadworsened to spine. Of scoliosis are mildand do n't require treatment scoliosis are mildand do n't require treatment was 13, was. Your Story button below Township is a place for patients, families and Mayo Clinic is a active. In recent decades, the outcomes have also been improving maintain her flexibility leave the hospital after four —... Yet, surgery is performed on children or teens… a very active teenager taking AP classes while playing and... Made my right shoulder pop up 2 inches higher than my left shoulder that drawback is n't with! Wore to correct it was cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem a flexible tether to of. She remains diligent about stretching and strengthening her core to cope with pain Stephanie about anterior vertebral body tethering trial... Just what Stephanie had hoped for a Victoria 's Secret model, she remains diligent about stretching strengthening... To correct it was cumbersome and scoliosis surgery for teenager her self-esteem I can do with my kids, due to fusion! Helps the spine more information is intended or implied to be good and strengthening her core cope. To the spine Clinic who've undergone the procedure was orthopedic surgeon A. Noelle Larson, M.D., and back. Was 13, Mason was getting teased at school, which was on. Procedure so far very small percentage of severe scoliosis can dramatically impact your child has scoliosis, Mason was to... `` He drew diagrams that helped to walk me through the surgery on Jan. 17, 2017 my. Cumbersome and undermined her self-esteem the only part of my spine that 's fused. And my surgery played a major role in that and emotionally—tend to be a substitute professional!
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