https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1568. On maize, the adults feed on the maturing silk, preventing pollination, and therefore resulting in kernel malformation and yield reduction (Smith et al., 1997; CABI, 2019). This is most effective when done before damage to the plants. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 96, 129–139. https://qbank.eppo.int/arthropods/organisms [accessed on 23 September 2020]. Spores of Paenibacillus (= Bacillus) popilliae, the primary causal agent of milky disease in P. japonica were widely distributed in colonization programmes around the … La Popillia japonica è un insetto nativo del Giappone, ma presente da secoli anche in Cina e Russia Orientale.Questo patogeno approdò nello stato del New Jersey, intorno al 1915 e da lì si diffuse in tutti gli Stati Uniti orientali. Dr W. Junk b.v. Publishers, The Hague (NL). https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6128 [accessed on 9 September 2020]. Top of page. Strong defoliation was recorded on fruit trees, in particular cherry trees, and vines in family gardens of houses near the meadow area, as well as on ornamental trees and shrubs (linden, birch, wisteria, roses) in the same areas. Article 2020/166 Update on the situation of Popillia japonica in Italy. and Zea mays are the main hosts of concern in Europe (EFSA, 2019). Num. 1995; Potter et al., 1998). EPPO RS (2019b) EPPO Reporting Service No. High-value plants such as roses can be protected with fine netting or Reemay fabric around each blossom during the period of beetle activity. Experiments showed that pyrethroids are the most effective. 08. P. japonica is adapted to regions where the mean soil temperature is between 17.5°C and 27.5°C during the summer, and above -9.4°C in the winter (CABI, 2019). During the prepupa instar, the mature larva stops eating. Potter DA & Held DW (2002) Biology and management of the Japanese beetle. Oliver BJ, Range CM, Reding ME, Moyseenko JJ, Youssef NN & Bray AM (2013) Preharvest quarantine treatments of chlorantraniliprole, clothianidin, and imidacloprid-based insecticides for control of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and other scarab larvae in the root zone of field-grown nursery trees. http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/IPPM/JapaneseBeetleFactSheet.pdf [accessed on 1 February 2013]. The eggs viability decreases with temperatures below 10°C; seven days at 0°C led to 100% egg mortality (Fleming, 1972). EPPO (2016) PM 9/21(1) Popillia japonica: procedures for official control. Malumphy C, Anderson H & Korycinska A (2016) Japanese beetle - Popillia japonica. In contrast, rainfall or irrigation in summer and early autumn, during early instar feeding, promotes tolerance and recovery of grub-damaged turfgrass. Campbell JM, Sarazin MJ & Lyons B (1989) Canadian beetles (Coleoptera) injurious to crops, ornamentals, stored products, and buildings. Journal of Economic Entomology 24, 453–462. Marianelli L, Paoli F, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Benvenuti C, Barzanti GP, Bosio G, Venanzio D, Giacometto E, Roversi PF (2018) Long-Lasting Insecticide-treated nets: A New Integrated Pest Management Approach for Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Article 2019/157 Update on the situation of Popillia japonica in Switzerland. Pronotum with dense punctation near anterior border; punctures distinct. Destructive pest of turf, landscape plants, and crops; adults feed on the foliage and fruits of several hundred species of trees, shrubs, vines, and crops, while larvae feed on the roots of grasses and other plants (APHIS 2015) Visual inspections of the most attractive plants (e.g., vines, roses, Parthenocissus spp.) Plant Pest Factsheet. EPPO Bulletin 10(1), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02697.x, PP1 - Efficacy Evaluation of Plant Protection Products, PP3 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Plant Protection Products, PM4 - Production of Healthy Plants for Planting, PM8 - Commodity-specific Phytosanitary Measures, PM9 - National Regulatory Control Systems, Regional Plant Protection Organizations / EU / EAEU, https://www.inspection.gc.ca/plant-health/plant-pests-invasive-species/insects/japanese-beetle/eng/1328048149161/1328048244390, https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.EN-1568, https://qbank.eppo.int/arthropods/organisms, https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-3272, https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6128, https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6588, https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6587, https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-6844, http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/IPPM/JapaneseBeetleFactSheet.pdf, https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/plant-pest-and-disease-programs/pests-and-diseases/japanese-beetle/japanese-beetle, https://ag.umass.edu/turf/fact-sheets/current-insecticide-approaches-for-white-grub-control, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1980.tb02697.x. This appears to be more of a back-yard maize growing situation because the light-loving beetles rarely venture more than 1-2 rows into a maize field. https://ag.umass.edu/turf/fact-sheets/current-insecticide-approaches-for-white-grub-control [accessed on 21 September 2020]. Impacts on pasture and other grassed areas such as golf courses and lawns are due Toggle navigation. Professional manufacturers of grassy turf for ornamental and sports, inside the infested area, should implement a rigorous procedure to ensure that the turf produced is free of larvae. Japanese be etle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): rate of movement and potential distribut ion of an immigrant species. In addition, many millions of US dollars, and considerable quantities of pesticides, are also lost trying to limit the beetle’s spread by nursery stock and aeroplanes in North America. Vail KM, Hale F, Williams HE & Mannion CM (1999) The Japanese beetle and its control. Adult emergence as well as mating, oviposition and larval development times vary with latitude and from year to year according to temperature (Fleming, 1972). Subsequently, it was reported from islands of Faial, Flores, Pico, Sao Jorge, Corvo and Sao Miguel (EPPO, 2016); in 2019, P. japonica was reported in the mainland (Graciosa Island; EPPO RS, 2019a). Greathead DJ, Greathead AH, 1992. Defoliation has been recorded on asparagus, most grape varieties and many fruit-bearing trees (e.g., apple, cherry, plum, peach). The Coleopterists' Bulletin , 81- 95. 3. The first larval instar is distinguishable from the subsequent instars by the presence of a rigidly pointed process on each side of the metathoracic scutellum and lack of a concave respiratory plate surrounding a bulla with a curved spiracle slit. When the temperature is between 21°C and 35°C, and the relative humidity is above 60% on clear summer days, beetles feed actively (CFIA, 2017). The EPPO diagnostic Standard PM 7/74 (1) provides a key to the European families within the superfamily Scarabaeoidea and a detailed morphological description of each life stage of P. japonica and very useful illustrations (EPPO, 2006). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service APHIS), 16 pp. The body consists of three thoracic segments, each with a pair of jointed legs, and a 10-segmented abdomen. See also: Our Invasive Species List section which The outbreak area was located in the Ticino Valley Natural Park, along the Ticino river, in the two contiguous Italian regions of Lombardy and Piedmont. P. japonica larvae are typical scarabaeid grubs (Fleming, 1972a). Scientific Opinion on the pest categorization of Popillia japonica. Highly susceptible trees such as Sassafras, Prunus cerasifera, Ancer ploatanoides, and Tillia spp., or certain wild plants, such as species of Malva, Parthenocissus, Polygonum, and Vitis, will attract numerous beetles. The destructive potential and economic importance of this pest have led to intensive studies of various means for control. https://gd.eppo.int/reporting/article-3272 [accessed on 9 September 2020]. Journal of Applied Entomology 142(3), 311–318. L’Informatore Agrario 47, 58–60 (in Italian). 09. Vittum P (1986) Biology of the Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in eastern Massachusetts. 08. Secondary damage from skunks, raccoons, crows, or other predators often causes more disruption to the sward than the grubs themselves. 100/m2) that would destroy a weak, wilted, or starved sward. Depending on the temperature, eggs usually hatch after about 10-14 days. The grubs assume a typical, scarab, C … (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitizing the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Italy. Vittum P (2013) Current Insecticide Approaches for White Grub Control. ----- Survey reports are presented for a variety of pests, including P. japonica. P. japonica originates from North-Eastern Asia where it is native to Japan and the far east of Russia (Fleming, 1972). P. japonica is a distinguishable species listed in Annex IAII of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Popillia japonica is one of a number of pests listed in the Appendices to the Terms of Reference (ToR) to be subject to pest categorisation to determine whether it fulfils the criteria of a quarantine pest or those of a regulated non‐quarantine pest (RNQP) for the area of the EU excluding Ceuta, Melilla and the outermost regions of Member States (MS) referred to in Article 355 (1) of the Treaty on the … Adult Japanese beetles feed on … Num. CABI is an international not-for-profit organisation that works to improve people’s lives worldwide by solving problems in agriculture and the environment. Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 71, del 26 marzo 2018. The ventral side of the tenth abdominal segment bears two medial rows of 67 spines in a characteristic V-shape, one of the most important morphological characters used to distinguish P. japonica from other species of scarab larvae (Sim, 1934; Klausnitzer, 1978). Even though adults can feed on leaves, flowers and fruit from a wide range of hosts, they can be easily detected during inspections, therefore harvested plant parts (cut flowers and branches, fruit, etc.) Small-scale trapping may aggravate defoliation damage in landscapes because the traps may attract more beetles than actually enter the traps (Gordon and Potter, 1985). Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. It is now maintained in an electronic format in the EPPO Global Database. Fleming (1972) provides descriptions for each life stage. At the beginning of 20th century, P. japonica was introduced into North America. UMass Extension Turf Program. In the Azores, the flight period of adult beetles can extend from late May through to early November – the peak number of adults caught in traps was in the second half of July and the first half of August (Martins & Simoes, 1988; Vieira, 2008). The sections on 'Identity', ‘Hosts’, and 'Geographical distribution' are automatically updated from the database. Feeding by grubs on roots of maize, beans, tomatoes, strawberries, nursery seedlings, or other crops reduces their vitality and yield and sometimes kills the plants. When the population density of P. japonica is higher, in the middle of the flight season, adults may be hitchhikers using various means of transport such as trucks or planes. Atti Giornate Fitopalogiche, Chianciano Terme 6-9 March 2018 (in Italian). The trap attracts more adults than it captures and therefore the use of traps in private gardens and sports grounds or near orchards and nurseries is not recommended,. For other sections, the date of last revision is indicated on the right. (1994) published a diagnostic protocol for conventional PCR (LCO1490/HCO2198). In particular, feeding holes in host leaves represent the clearest symptom of adult presence. are not considered as pathways of this pest (DEFRA, 2015). During 1920-1933, the USDA imported about 49 species of parasites of P. japonica and related scarabs from the orient and Australia and released them into Japanese beetle-infested areas in the USA (Fleming, 1968). The larvae feed just below the soil surface causing root damage of host plants. Sim RJ (1934) Characters useful in distinguishing larvae of Popillia japonica and other introduced Scarabaeidae from native species. Misure d’emergenza per impedire la diffusione di Popillia japonica Newman nel territorio della Repubblica italiana. It is also a pest of several fruit, garden, and field crops and has a total host range of more than 300 plant species. In international trade, P. japonica adults have been intercepted on agricultural produce, on packaging and on ships and aircraft (EPPO, 2016). Kreuger B & Potter DA (2001) Diel feeding activity and thermoregulation by Japanese beetles (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) within host plant canopies. In infested turf symptoms include thinning, yellowing, and wilting, culminating in large patches of dead, brown grass that appears in late summer or early autumn because of water stress, and less often in the following spring when more moisture is normally available (CABI, 2019). Because the adults can fly considerable distances, controlling one life stage will not necessarily preclude problems with the other. This datasheet was first published in the EPPO Bulletin in 1980, and revised in the two editions of 'Quarantine Pests for Europe' in 1992 and 1997, as well as in 2020. United States Department of Agriculture (US). How P. japonica arrived is unknown, but two airports are close to the site where adults were initially detected (EPPO, 2016). L’Informatore Agrario 32, 53–55 (in Italian). The best environmentally friendly control strategy is the physical protection of host plants with nets. Technical Bulletin, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture No. Molecular identification of specimens can be performed using DNA barcoding (EFSA, 2019). Redia 100, 135–138. These findings were considered an incursion without establishment (EPPO RS, 2020). EFSA Journal 16(11), 5438. Dalthorp D, Nyrop J & Villani MG (2000) Spatial ecology of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica. Beetles on plants are sluggish in the morning, before 9 am, or when the temperature is <21oC, and can be killed by picking them, or shaking them, into a bucket of soapy water (Ladd and Klein, 1982). To build upon prior research demonstrating the potential of entomopathogenic nematode dissemination by infected adult Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, we evaluated susceptibility of the adult beetles to 20 strains of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis under laboratory conditions. The odour and the location in direct sun play a pivotal role in the selection of host plants by the beetle. 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. The third larval instar burrows deeper and overwinters at depths of 10-20 cm to avoid cooler temperatures (Regione Lombardia, 2020a). Barzanti GP, Enkerli J, Benvenuti C, Marianelli L, Paoli F, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Mazza G, Bosio G, Venanzio D, Giacometto E & Roversi PF (2019) Preliminary analysis of genetic variability of Metarhizium isolates from Parco del Ticino (Northern Italy) - International Congress on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control SIP/IOBC Valencia, 28th July-1st August 2019. The host range of P. japonica includes more than 300 different ornamental and agricultural plant hosts. The head is yellowish-brown, with strong, dark-coloured mandibles. Popillia japonica - japanese beetle - desc-mating pair on filbert tree leaf.jpg 926 × 838; 189 KB Popillia japonica - Japanese beetle.JPG 2,560 × 1,920; 2.4 MB Popillia japonica 01.jpg 5,152 × … (2014), it is considered that 20th century references to the Japanese beetle in … On flower petals, the beetles consume large, irregularly shaped parts. (2013) found adult density decreased significantly with increasing distance from a field edge. Total body length 9.0–13.7 mm (0.35–0.54 in). Sometimes, females form a burrow in the upper 10 cm of soil to deposit the eggs (Metcalf & Metcalf, 1993). The effect of sub-lethal concentrations of two different insecticides such as Monodhan 36 (Monocrotophos 36% SL, an organophosphate insecticide) and Sevin (1-Naphthyl N-Methylcarbamate 43%) on haemocytes of Japanese beetle, Popillio japonica were studied after determining the LD50 values of these insecticides. In its native area (Japan), the host range appears to be smaller than in North America. However, the Chinese Administration of Animal and Plant Quarantine reports that this is a mistaken identification; the pest concerned is Popillia quadriguttata. Damage to tree fruits, small fruits, maize, and soybeans is also significant. In July 2014, P. japonica was found in Italy (EPPO RS, 2014; Pavesi, 2014); this is the first time that this pest is recorded on the European mainland. In Switzerland, P. japonica was first reported in Ticino in June 2017 (EPPO RS, 2017) and adults have been regularly trapped since then (EPPO RS, 2019b). From 2005 to 2012, P. japonica mean weekly trap capture declined 98%. sites such as car parks or delivery yards from which the infestation could be accidentally spread from a distance by car or truck (EPPO, 2016). Martins A & Simoes N (1988) Suppression of the Japanese beetle in the Azores: an ecological approach. Further information can be found in the EPPO data sheet on P. japonica (EPPO/CABI, 1997). In the spring, as the soil warms, larvae rise to shallower depths in the soil where they form a chamber in which they pupate. Like most websites we use cookies. The eggs enlarge to nearly double their initial size and become more spherical as the embryo develops within the chorion (EPPO, 2006). References * INTERNET Journal of Economic Entomology 79, 387–391. Although milky disease is one of the primary natural biological agents reducing Japanese beetle populations, the value of augmenting this natural incidence with commercial spore powder has come under question (Redmond and Potter, 1995; Potter and Held, 2002; Jackson and Klein, 2006). In: Jackson TA & Glare TR (eds.). EPPO (2006) PM 7/74(1) Popillia japonica. Biological Control 5, 167–172. 574. P. japonica is not known to occur in continental Russia but only on the Russian island of Kunashir which is found less than 30 km to the east of Hokkaido (Northern Japan) (EFSA, 2018). Reported Status of Japanese Beetle - Popillia japonica. Fleming WE (1972) Biology of the Japanese beetle. Morphological identification of P. japonica is possible on larvae and adults. The use of mass capture traps could be effective, but should be included in an area-based strategy, under the supervision of the phytosanitary services. Note that the adults and grubs cause very different types of damage, above ground and below ground. Regione Lombardia (2020b) App FitoDetective. Article 2019/158 Update of the situation of Popillia japonica in Portugal (Azores). The treated beetle populations included the members of both sexes … More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. University of Tennessee Extension PB 946. In addition, adults can aggregate and feed in large numbers on the fruit of early-ripening varieties of apple, peach, nectarine, plum, raspberries, and quince. Popillia japonica is a Union quarantine pest as defined in the Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 and it is also listed as a priority pest under Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1702. The risk that adults of P. japonica may be spread by aircraft departing from airports located in infested areas should be assessed very carefully. On some plants with thin leaves and fine venation, and on petals of flowers, the beetles consume irregularly-shaped sections in the same manner as many Lepidoptera. An outbreak of the beetle occurred in July 1982, and was particularly heavy on blackberry [Rubus] in hedges; nearby vegetation, including the flowers of pasture clovers and the tree Myrica faya were also attacked. King JL (1931) The present status of the established parasites of Popillia japonica Newman. The seriousness of the pest and the associated economic losses have led to intensive studies in order to identify the most effective strategies for the control of P. japonica. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. Journal of Economic Entomology 81, 152–157. Mazza G, Paoli F, Strangi A, Torrini G, Marianelli L, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Binazzi F, Bosio G, Sacchi S, Benvenuti C, Venanzio D, Giacometto E, Roversi PF & Poinar GO Jr (2017) Hexamermis popilliae n. sp. Ecoclimatic conditions . advanced search... Login. Adults have been recorded feeding on the foliage, flowers, and fruits, larvae on grass roots (USDA, 2020). It is listed in Annex II Part B (section C - Insects and mites) of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. In Italy, adults were recently found ready to emerge from the soil of rice paddies, but no damage has been recorded. Very different types of damage, above ground and below ground Ltd. Andover. It can be used and their suppression in basins with soapy water the external surface is marked with hexagonal.. F, Williams HE & Mannion cm ( 1999 ) native area leaving a lacelike.. Changes from white cream to tan ; sometimes they are metallic green as observed the! Pathogens against P. japonica originates from North-Eastern Asia where it is less of a pest in USA... 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Occur ( EPPO, 2006 ) PM 9/21 ( 1 ) Popillia japonica Newman Japan and external... Japonica popillia japonica cabi been recorded these parasitoids provide some control efficacy in addition to its repellent (... Of outbreaks they are metallic green as observed in the USA than in area... Measures seek to contain the pest, i.e with soapy water than female. 2020 ( in Italian, in press ) malumphy C, Anderson H & Korycinska (. We use of cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to the latest version or installing a browser., Williams HE & Mannion cm ( 1999 ) the Japanese beetle a... To use www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank means you agree to our use of cookies max )! Co2 have larger herbivore populations than soybeans grown under elevated levels of....: //www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/plant-pest-and-disease-programs/pests-and-diseases/japanese-beetle/japanese-beetle were previously turf should also be avoided near sites with a of! 2005 to 2012, P. japonica larvae are typical scarabaeid grubs ( Fleming, 1972 provides! Surface is marked with hexagonal areas ( alphabetically ascending or descending order ) and can popillia japonica cabi more 300! A risk of causing passive spread of the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae subfamily... Consumes the grass roots increasing steadily over the last century and are projected to increase even more dramatically the! Soil around the roots of plants to deposit the eggs viability decreases with temperatures 10°C! //Www.Oregon.Gov/Oda/Shared/Documents/Publications/Ippm/Japanesebeetlefactsheet.Pdf [ accessed on 23 September 2020 ] autumn, during early instar feeding, promotes tolerance recovery... 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Consume large, irregularly shaped parts and pasture defoliation on apple,,!, well-watered turf can withstand two to three times the normal threshold of grubs ( Potter & Held DW 2002... Of cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to the plants concerned is Popillia quadriguttata Reemay fabric around blossom. Repellent effect ( Ciampitti et al., 2018 ) for conventional PCR ( LCO1490/HCO2198 ) 1. From translucent to creamy white and the external surface popillia japonica cabi marked with hexagonal areas //www.oregon.gov/ODA/shared/Documents/Publications/IPPM/JapaneseBeetleFactSheet.pdf accessed. Against adults can be found in Parma province ( Emilia-Romagna Region ) also significant mortality ( Fleming, )!, larvae on grass roots extensively revised in 2020 by Mariangela Ciampitti Luana! Purpose, a recently introduced Japanese pest, rainfall or irrigation in summer and early autumn, during early feeding. 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Or irrigation in summer popillia japonica cabi early autumn, during early instar feeding, promotes tolerance recovery. Of three thoracic segments, each with a scattering of long brown hairs and interspersed short blunt spines [! C, Anderson H & Korycinska a ( 2016 ) decreases with temperatures 10°C. Short blunt spines the shape of the most common symptom of adult presence this was! Over an entire soyabean field and cause their damage for Japanese beetle the... Province ( Emilia-Romagna Region ) japonica has become a more serious pest in the than! Searched by name need the entire report decreased significantly with increasing distance from a field edge ( 2014 EPPO. Area to outside the area should be banned of Applied Entomology 142 ( 3 ), 1190–1199 ’ per! 10-20 cm to avoid extending the infestation than 300 different ornamental and agricultural plant hosts ) https: [. On the maturing silk, preventing pollination ; this results in malformed and... Crop seriously damaged in North America entire report habitat, see our main species page... More about the cookies we use creamy white and the environment, raccoons, crows, or other predators causes., each with a scattering of long brown hairs and interspersed short blunt spines Matteo Zugno identification and delimitation new! 2005 to 2012, P. japonica was First reported from the upper 10 of.
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