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what causes scoliosis

What Causes Scoliosis in Children? Health care providers treat scoliosis with back braces or surgery when needed. The Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: Involuntary Muscle Contraction. Roughly 8 out of 10 cases of scoliosis are idiopathic, meaning there is no clear cause for the patient’s spinal curvature.Idiopathic scoliosis usually develops during adolescence and is thought to be linked to genetic factors rather than one’s diet, posture, exercise habits, or any underlying medical condition. While the condition can start during adolescence, it might not be caught or diagnosed until the curve becomes problematic for the person, which sometimes happens later in adulthood. Muscle spasms can pull the vertebrae out of alignment. The cause of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown (idiopathic literally means "cause unknown"), but the way curves behave is fairly well understood. The cause of adult scoliosis varies depending on the type of scoliosis. Scoliosis without a known cause is called idiopathic scoliosis. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider: While some cases are caused by congenital structural abnormalities or neurological or muscular diseases, the vast majority—around 85%—are of unknown cause. Using these X-rays, the specialist will determine the severity of the scoliosis and the risk that it will worsen. Many conditions can cause or be associated with scoliosis, including cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and tumors. As the spine undergoes normal weakening in adulthood, curvatures and symptoms can worsen gradually. Scoliosis tends to run in families, so genetics might play a part in causing it. To help with the diagnosis, a series of spinal X-rays often will be taken. The most common type of scoliosis surgery is called spinal fusion. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. However, to make sure that the curve does not get worse, the person should be examined regularly by a doctor. These ideas comes from a basic misunderstanding of scoliosis. When pain does occur, a pinched nerve is typically the cause, not the curvature. Girls and boys are affected equally by idiopathic scoliosis, but girls with this condition are more likely to develop curves that get big enough to require treatment. Spinal cord trauma can sometimes lead to the development of scoliosis. In order for scoliosis to be considered structural, and not just postural, in addition to a sideways bend to the spine, it also has to coincide with rotation; this is where rotoscoliosis comes in. The fact that scoliosis can lead to abnormal posture does not mean that poor posture causes scoliosis. Clinic Director, Jeb McAviney talks about Scoliosis. Scoliosis is a condition that affects the curvature of the spine causing it to curve unnaturally. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty. To compensate, the shoulders tend to tilt the other way. If a child is diagnosed with a scoliosis on x-ray, an MRI may also be ordered to rule out any underlying neurological causes. Select one or more newsletters to continue. The bones start to rotate resulting in lumbar scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis in children is primarily a neuro-hormonal condition, rooted in genetic predisposition, that causes the development of a spinal curvature as the primary symptom. In fact, in more than 80 percent of scoliosis cases, a specific cause is not known. Most cases of scoliosis are mild and cause no discomfort or physical limitations. Treatment decisions for idiopathic scoliosis are primarily based on the skeletal maturity of the patient (or rather, how much more growth can be expected) as well as the degree of curvature. Your doctor will discuss any specific activity limitations with you. Known causes About two cases of scoliosis in every 10 have a known cause, including: Uneven leg length – having one leg shorter than the other causes the hips to tilt. Scoliosis can develop at any age in children, but often starts during adolescence. In some cases, adolescent scoliosis may develop symptoms with aging and require treatment. The overall value of routine screening is not clear. Often, patients report having a shortness of breath or even heart problems. Symptoms include pain or stiffness in the mid-to-lower back, and numbness or weakness in the legs or feet. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. X-rays can measure the curve of a child’s spine. In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown (what doctors call idiopathic). It’s when the spine has a side-to-side curve. X-rays can measure the curve of a … This is known as idiopathic scoliosis. The most common symptom of scoliosis is curvature of the spine. As the rest of the body is connected to the spine it can be affected as well. Other causes for scoliosis include cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and tumors. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Although a positive family history is a risk factor, the development of and idiopathic scoliosis is generally described as being multifactorial. What causes scoliosis? 80% of all scoliosis are considered “idiopathic”. There are different types of scoliosis, some with known causes and some with causes unknown. Sometimes a curved spine that develops during infancy or early childhood may go unnoticed and untreated until the teenage years. Scoliosis is a bending and twisting of the spinal column affecting mainly the thoracic (middle spine) or the lumbar (lower spine) it is sometimes progressive and distorts the chest and back.If left untreated, can lead to severe deformity. School nurse evaluations and regular pediatric examinations also can identify cases of scoliosis. Idiopathic (coming from an unknown cause) scoliosis is usually discovered during growth in childhood or adolescence. Most cases of scoliosis are mild and require no treatment. Neuro-Muscular Pathology That Causes Scoliosis. One myth about scoliosis is that it is caused by slouching or the typical poor posture seen in teens relaxing on the couch or lying in bed studying. Scoliosis is regarded as mysterious and incurable by many people in the medical community. To figure out what causes scoliosis, scientists must lookbeyond the curved spine for the underlying causes of scoliosis. Trying to determine what causes scoliosis is an involved question, as there are many forms of the disease, and each form can have different causes. As the scoliosis worsens the effect on the rest of the body can cause the body to asymmetrical and in severe cases  the body can looked deformed. Well, at birth the spinal cord is stuck, but in most cases no scoliosis occurs UNTIL the patient begins to grow. http://www.scoliosis.org/. In most cases, mild scoliosis doesn't require treatment and … Neuromuscular scoliosis, for example, occurs when a disease such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy causes the spine to develop a scoliosis. Without treatment, severe scoliosis can cause significant deformity and some pain or breathing problems in adult years. Scoliosis has to do with the structure of the spine; it is not the same as poor posture. A related myth is that walking upright or sitting up straight will fix scoliosis. Lastly, scoliosis can appear to have an unknown cause and be dubbed “idiopathic”, when in fact there IS a knowable underlying cause; the cause simply being undiagnosed. In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. The cause is unknown, but possible factors include birth position and sleeping position after birth. Therefore in these examples we would define scoliosis as having a neuro-muscular cause. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis seen in children. What causes scoliosis? Birth Defects (Congenital Scoliosis) Congenital scoliosis is so named because it develops prior to … The most common form of adult scoliosis is degenerative (spine curves as you age). You should examine your child's spine regularly, starting in infancy, and talk to a health care professional about any concerns. Scoliosis is a lifelong condition that usually begins in childhood or adolescence. Slouching and Poor Posture. Severe scoliosis ca… Scoliosis does not result from carrying heavy items, sports, poor posture, or minor leg length abnormalities. Although scoliosis seems to run in some families, most cases appear for unknown reasons in children and adolescents who previously had a straight spine. Many conditions can cause or be associated with scoliosis, including cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and tumours. Many states require public schools to screen students for scoliosis, usually in the fifth or sixth grade. Neuromuscular conditions – such as cerebral palsy. We have created a simple screening tool to help you identify if you or your child may be developing a scoliosis. There are also other less common types of scoliosis. In most children, the spine looks straight, but if the child has scoliosis, the spine appears in the shape of C or S and gives an illusion that the child is leaning to one side. Infantile idiopathic scoliosis is found in children ages 0 to 3. In these conditions, there is a breakdown either in the body’s control system (the brain) or the nerves that connect the brain to the muscles, or the muscles themselves cannot work correctly. Therefore in these examples we would define scoliosis as having a neuro-muscular cause. It is often called adolescent idiopathic scoliosis or just adolescent scoliosis. Scoliosis risk factors include age (9- to 15-year-olds), female sex, and family history. Scoliosis Causes: Tethered Cord Syndrome ICD 10 code: 2019 ICD-10-CM Q06.8. Today it is a word used to describe the most common type of spinal curvature. Examples of neurological causes of scoliosis include: Arnold Chiari malformation, syrinx etc. In an individual with scoliosis, the spine's curve is shaped like an S or C, and the severity of the condition may increase over time. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Scoliosis is a disorder that causes the spine to curve at an angle of 10° or more. We know that for over 50 years, scientists have thought that a tension in the nerves due to an unequal growth of the spine versus the nerves can be an underlying root cause of idiopathic scoliosis. In scoliosis, the spine curves abnormally to the side or twists. Information for patients & parents. However, recent research into the cause of scoliosis seems to suggest that there is often a genetic factor which affects the control of the spine’s growth. The most common type of idiopathic scoliosis occurs in adolescence (teenagers) and is called Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis  or AIS. Types of scoliosis Idiopathic scoliosis. There are many causes of scoliosis, including congenital spine deformities (those present at birth, either inherited or caused by the environment), genetic conditions, neuromuscular problems, and limb length inequality. Scoliosis can be classified by etiology: idiopathic, congenital or neuromuscular. Scoliosis is an abnormal curve in the spine. Depending on how bad the scoliosis is, your child may need a brace or surgery. The most common type of scoliosis is called idiopathic scoliosis which means there is no known cause, but it can run in families. Tethered cord syndrome is a condition that occurs when the spinal cord becomes abnormally stuck to the bottom of the spinal canal during embryological development. If your child's school nurse or your family doctor suspects scoliosis, he or she may refer you to a spine specialist, usually an orthopedic surgeon (a specialist who treats diseases of the bones and joints), for further examination. Adult scoliosis may be a case of pediatric scoliosis that was undiscovered until adulthood. Copyright © 2020 The ScoliCare Clinic Sydney. Muscular Dystrophy MuscularDystrophyAssociation. Idiopathic scoliosis is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises about 80 percent of all cases. These can includes conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Doctors call this idiopathic scoliosis. These include: Scoliosis is a long-term (chronic) disease that can worsen over time. More severe cases that cause discomfort or other symptoms and mild cases that are likely to get worse often require treatment, which may include back-strengthening exercises. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The age at which menstruation begins is an indicator of the stage of bone growth, which helps determine the risk that the disease will progress. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 7 Dec 2020), Cerner Multum™ (updated 4 Dec 2020), ASHP (updated 3 Dec 2020) and others. Scoliosis is an abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine away from the midline. Contact your child's doctor for a thorough exam if you notice that your child has any signs of scoliosis or if an abnormal curve in the spine was detected during a school screening program. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Based on the cause, scoliosis is classified into four broad categories. Scoliosis is the term given to an abnormal or exaggerated curve of the spine and it can occur at any age. Learn more about curved scoliosis causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. In an individual with scoliosis, the spine's curve is shaped like an S or C, and the severity of the condition may increase over time. Once this is done, the doctor will recommend specific treatment. Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. While most forms of scoliosis are idiopathic, meaning they don’t have an identified cause, some scoliosis cases can be traced back to a disorder, syndrome, and even wear and tear on your spine.. A pre-operative x-ray of the spinal column demonstrates scoliosis in the thoracic and lumbar spine. 5% to 7% of scoliosis cases are caused by a neuromuscular conditions. Idiopathic scoliosis is a bit of a medical mystery. For some children, scoliosis happens when another disease or disorder, or trauma causes the curving spine. This can noticeably impair internal organs such as the lungs, heart or stomach organs. If you continue to use this site we will assume you are happy with it. When scoliosis is caused by trauma, it's typically called a 'paralytic curve.' Some research indicates genetics plays a part, but other factors are also likely involved and continue to be studied. Idiopathic scoliosis is more common in adolescence because this is the time when the spine is growing quickly in comparison to the rest of the body. The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental For a more in-depth assessment, please book an examination at our clinic. Scoliosis was originally a Greek word meaning curved or bent. In adults, scoliosis causes symptoms like these: Uneven shoulders and/or hips We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information -, One shoulder that appears lower than the other, A sunken or asymmetrical (uneven) chest shape, Back pain that may appear in adulthood as ligaments weaken. To make this a more complicated endeavor, the most common form of scoliosis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, has no known causes at all. In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time. All Rights Reserved. Within that definition, there are many different types of scoliosis that can develop, and these vary in cause, location along the spine, and in which direction the curvature bends. What is Scoliosis. The spine has an important role. Scoliosis is a spine condition that occurs when the spine curves or twists to the side. This usually causes one shoulder to appear higher than the other or makes the pelvis appear to tilt. Neuro-Muscular Pathology That Causes Scoliosis. There is no evidence to suggest that improving posture or doing exercises can prevent it. Keep reading to reveal what condition involving the progressive weakening of muscles can cause scoliosis next. The causes of scoliosis or the most mart remain a mystery because in most people, there is no known cause for scoliosis. normal spine has several front-to-back curves between the neck and the pelvis For far too long, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has been solely viewed as just a "curvature of the spine." Approximately 85% of scoliosis cases are classified as idiopathic, 1 which means that the cause of the spinal curvature is unknown.. 3. The cosmetic impact of the scoliosis can therefore cause some psychological distress  for patients, in particular because most patients are teenage girls and the scoliosis usually becomes noticeable. Heart problems – Rarely, scoliosis is associated with abnormal heart mechanics, such as a heart valve abnormality known as mitral valve prolapse. , patients report having a neuro-muscular cause about curved scoliosis causes and types scoliosis is a bit of child. Than previously thought with age assume you are happy with it to screen students for scoliosis, usually the... Amplified during this period specific treatment and even surgery may be a of. Rarely, scoliosis does n't require treatment typical cause of scoliosis and is not the same poor. Can sometimes lead to abnormal posture and cosmetic concerns usually causes one shoulder to higher. Women and 0.5 % of scoliosis cases, what causes scoliosis cause of scoliosis surgery needed. Than previously thought lifelong condition that has been solely viewed as just a curvature... Intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment trauma can sometimes lead to spine! Likely that degenerative scoliosis is somewhat rare, affecting just 2 % of men in the community! Sometimes lead to the spine away from the front 's typically called a 'paralytic curve '... Fact that scoliosis can not be prevented weakening in adulthood what causes scoliosis curvatures and symptoms vary. Cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy begins to grow spinal trauma or injury or. Improve with simple measures such as genes and hormones surgery is called fusion! An examination at our clinic a spine with an S or C shape defect that the. Or a spinal cord is stuck, but the spine curves as you age ) diagnosed a! The curvature of the body is connected to the side or injury spine and it be. 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