Overexpressed In tumors(Oncomirs) >Downregulated Oncogene initiated Cancer progress by addtion al genetic damage(mutation in caretal, Esærtial celluhr fu rctions Carcirocprs Viruses Inadhtion Genett predisprsition Transforming Proto ncogene The dual nature oncogenes Cellula A tera:i celluhr furctions - spo ntaneous- neoplasm, Heredita Gemline Mutation Bilateral Early Onset Tumors Somatic Mutation S oradic 88 Stngte, Unilateral Later Onset Tumors Gene. Cancer defines as a population of cells that have lost their normal controls of growth and differentiation and are proliferating without check. - Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, Huard C, Gaasenbeek M, Mesirov JP, Coller H, Loh ... Cancer classification is central to cancer treatment; ... - Title: Cancer Molecular Epidemiology Author: ZUOFENG Last modified by: zzhang Created Date: 3/10/2002 7:47:55 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3), Breast Cancer goes Molecular: Understanding Molecular Taxonomy and Application in Routine Practice, - Breast Cancer goes Molecular: Understanding Molecular Taxonomy and Application in Routine Practice Rohit Bhargava, M.D. Later ,TSGs was isolated from these segments. Hematopoietic/Lymphoid: Malignant neoplasm such as leukemia which spared throughout the bone marrow lymphatic system and peripheral blood. Stewart DR, Pemov A, Van Loo P, Beert E, Brems H, Sciot R, claes K, Pak E, Dutra A, Lee CC, Legius E. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. Heterozygotes are unaffected. DNA Repair p53 induces the transcription of (g rowth GADD45 arrest and DNA damage), which encodes a protein involved in DNA repair. Hence can be act as a gatekeeper and care talcer of the cell. Epub 2 Jan 25. p53:Guardian of the genome Also lcnown as protein 53 or tumor protein 53. Department of Pathology Magee-Womens Hospital. Germline cells 2. For each approved PPT you will get 25 Credit Points and 25 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility. ) extract (BME) displayed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against oral cancer in preclinical models without any side-effects. NCI's Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) was constituted in 2012 to promote this transformation in cancer diagnosis and treatment through the application of genomics. Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. - Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer Human Papillomavirus ... New Technologies and Challenges Targeted Therapies in Cancer. - Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods. A disease process characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to a mass or tumor (NEOPLASM) Malignant tumor-metastasizing NEOPLASM Benign tumor, Turnour suppressors that inhibit oncogenes (PTEN. Tumor Suppressor Genes Normal cell CO 7 Remove or inactivate tumor suppressor genes Cancer cell Mutated/inactivated tumor suppressor genes Normal genes prevent cancer Damage to both genes leads to cancer I. Tumor suppressor gene can suppress the tumor . Carcinogenic substances can induce specific p53 mutations. Variants detected: Typically considered targeted analysis for the detection of a specific SNV.Method: Real-time PCR with fluorescent reporter probes in which reporter probes for one wild type and one mutant are added to the reaction mixture. Tiancheng Liu, Lisa Y. Wu and Clifford E. Berkman. Bloom syndrome Autosomal recessive disease. The mutation can be • an activating gain-of-function mutation oncogene itself, • a mutation in its regulatory elements,or of of cell the • an increase in its genomic copy number,leading to unregulated heterochronic or ectopic function of the oncogene product, There are various molecular changes that can be asociated with the activation of an oncogene : Molecular Change Translocation Point Mutations Deletions Insertional Activation Amplification Effect On Oncogene Philadelphia Chromosome Burkitt Lymphoma Ras gene v-erbB c-myc and c-myb Amplification of protooncogene has also been associated with cancer, Activated Oncogenes Class Growth Factors Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase G protein signaling Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Transcription Factors Telomerase Antiapoptotic proteins Example Sis Ret Abl K-Ras2 PTEN Myc Telomerase Bc12 Types Of Cancer Glioma Multiple endocrine adenomatosis 2 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Pancreatic Cancer Brest Cancer,glioma Burkitt lymphoma Many Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 904.12 — 9 22q11.21 BCR 22 Philadelphia- Chromosom 22- Philadelphia Chromosome, Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, Type 2 (MEN 2) •Type A variant is an autosomal dominant- high incidence of medullary arcinoma of thyroid •Type b variant - thickening of nerves and development of neuromas •Gain of function mutation in Ret gene, Burkitt Lymphoma 8 Normal chromosomes 8 and 14 8q— Rearranged (translocated) chromosomes 8 and 14 (a) c-myc Proto-oncogene (genomic structure) Exon 1 lg promoter NH2 Exon 2 Translocation to the immunoglobulin (lg) locus Exon 2 Exon 3 Exon 3 Transcription and splicing of c-myc genomic locus under the direction of the lg promoter Exon 2 Exon 3 mRNA Translation into protein c-Myc protein (b) COOH, Classical swollen jaw of child suffering from •tt lymphoma Karyotype of patient suffering from disease, Telomerase as oncogene Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that is required to synthesize the hexamer repeat, TTTAGG, as a component of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. Cell cycle controls by two types of genes Stimulatory genes When mutations occur in stimulatory genes which is usually dominant produces stimulatory effect dominant acting stimulatory genes that cause cancer are termed oncogenes. a Oncogenic rnutation Autosorne affected Gene vyith oncogenic mutation Wild-type X chrornosorne affected x Oncogenic and wild-type proteins expressed Tumorigenesis b Mutation in turnour suppressor Autosorne affected Oncogenic protein expressed Tumorigenesis 50%: mutation on Xi 9 Wild-typo gene Gone carrying loss-of … That's all free as well! 201 2 May;51 doi: 10.1 002/gcc.21 928. PL0S One. presentations for free. PowerPoint slide on Cancer Genetics compiled by Monika Saini. This joint effort between the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute began in 2006, bringing together researchers from diverse disciplines and multiple institutions. Person inherited one defective copy of TSG is not having cancer as other gene produces normal product. Although the sequence of molecular events in the progression of breast tumor is poorly understood the detected genetic alterations fit the model of multistep carcinogenesis in both sporadic and hereditary breast cancer. Cellular Basis of Cancer • Cancer is characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth • Cancer arises from a loss of normal growth control • In normal tissues, the rates of new cell growth and old cell death are kept in balance • In cancer, this balance is disrupted • This disruption can result … 2. But sometimes inactivation of normal allele can occur and leads to complete inactivation of TSGs product. Inhibitory genes: These genes can control the cell growth by inhibition. Assistant Professor of Urology Clinical Director, Urologic Oncology Weill Medical College-Cornell ... Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods. Recent Mitotic recombination of chromosome arm 1 7q as a cause of loss of heterozygosity of NFI in neurofibromatosis type 1 -associated glomus tumor. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. E.g. Best Cancer Hospital in Bangalore Vydehi Cancer Center - Vydehi Cancer Center is the top cancer center in Bangalore, India, which provides complete treatment for cancer in India such as lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer etc., VCC have a highly experienced team for oncologists. •Telomerase expression persists in many tumors and permits tumor cells to proliferate indefinitely. Carcinomas: - which originates in epithelial tissue such as the cell lining the intestine bronchi or mammary ducts. Your donation to the American Association for Cancer Research helps our more than 47,000 members worldwide drive progress against cancer. Point mutations of RAS family genes- single most common abnormality of dominant oncogenes in human tumors RAS plays an important role in mitogenesis induced by growth factors RAS proteins are present in the inner [cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane, in its inactive state RAS is bound to GDP when cells are stimulated by growth factors, RAS gets activated by exchanging GDP for GTP active RAS acts on MAP kinases which in turn target nuclear transcription factors and thus promote mitosis, RMAL CELLS Activated signal transducing stage is transient because intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS hydrolyses GTP to GDP The GTPase activity of normal RAS proteins is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPS) and thus helps in termination of signal transduction IN CELLS WITH GENE/RAS PROTEIN Mutant RAS proteins bind to GAPS but their GTPase activity fails to be augmented Thus mutant proteins are trapped in their excited GTP bound form, causing pathologic activation of mitogenic signalling pathway, GROWTH FACTOR GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INACTIVE RAS BACTIVATION GDP ACTIVE RAS GTP GAP Br dging protein phosphate nucleus inactivation by hygrolysis Of GTP BLOCKED I MUTANT activation of AP kinase RAS pathway activation of transcription ELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, Oncogenes An oncogene is a mutant gene whose altered function or expression results in abnormal stimulation division and proliferation. Epub 2012 Jan 17. To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, - Gastrointestinal systems biology and the challenge of integrating biological background knowledge Astrid L greid Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, CARCINOGENESIS: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER. Following hybridization to the genomic DNA, polymerase extends the probes in a complementary fashion, releasing the reporter molecules for detection. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. 3. Rapid rate of proliferation. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Arjona (Spain) - X. Carpentier (France) D. Pfister, (Germany) - M. Nair (UK) S. Salciccia (Italy) - P. de Wil (Belgium), - CANCER PREVENTION 2015 Molecular Oncology Michael Lea, Enabling the Molecular Medicine Revolution in Cancer through Biomedical Informatics, - Enabling the Molecular Medicine Revolution in Cancer through Biomedical Informatics. - A Statistical Framework for Expression-Based Molecular Classification Elizabeth Garrett Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University Molecular Classification ... - First Tirana Mediterranean Cancer Congress Tirana international Hotel, April 29-30, 2011 Majlinda Buba Ikonomi THE DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE SPECIFIC ... Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Testing Industry Technology Platforms & Trends. Metastasis is the process by which a tumor cell leaves the primary tumor, travels to a distant site via the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor. Li-Fraumeni syndrome Germline mutations of p53 are responsible for an inherited cancer condition called Li- Fraumeni syndrome. NFI and RB) Oncogenes (P13K. By Raymond White and Webster Cavenne, 1985. Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) frequently develop skeletal metastases that are associated with fractures, disability, and increased mortality. The underlying biology in cancer development and progression is complicated. p53 mutations & cancers Mutant forms of the TP53 gene are found in about 50% of tumors. Investigators for the nationwide trial, NCI-MATCH: Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice, announced today at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Chicago that the precision medicine trial will open to patient enrollment in July. Bypassing the apoptotic pathway to induce cancer cell death is considered to be a promising approach to overcoming this problem. Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors. Tumor suppresor gene First tumor suppresor gene to be identified was retinoblastoma gene. 2. This precision medicine approach to cancer has already led to new treatments that are tailored to the particular molecular abnormalities that cause cancer in individual patients. American Association for Cancer Research – Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. - Introduction of Cancer Molecular Epidemiology Zuo-Feng Zhang, MD, PhD University of California Los Angeles Numbers of Papers with Subject Words Molecular ... A Statistical Framework for Expression-Based Molecular Classification. If you have your own PowerPoint Presentations which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. Among LFS family members who inherit an abnormal p53 gene ,approx 50% will develop invasive cancer by age 30 and more than 90% will develop invasive cancer by age 70. With an estimated incidence of 134,490 new cases and 49,190 deaths in 2016, it is the third most common cause of cancer as well as cancer mortality in both men and women, with Survey of Ashkenazi Jews showed that heterozygotes are at increase risk of colorectal cancer . - Management of Superficial Bladder Cancer Douglas S. Scherr, M.D. - Colon & Rectum. Clear your doubts from our Qualified and Experienced Tutors and Trainers, Download Free and Get a Copy in your Email. Example of haploinsufficiency. ... Leukemia discrimination ... - HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASM PROJECT Medical advances and new technology have led to much greater use of immunophenotyping, as well as molecular and genetic ... Knowing the primary origin of CUP increases, There is a unmet diagnostic need for determining, Measuring the gene-expression pattern of a tumor, There are currently four tests that determine, The 92 gene PCR-based assay will be used as an, Numbers vary cancer classification of metastatic, 30 poorly or undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, Histologically-confirmed metastatic cancer, Ma, X.-J., Patel, R., Wang, X, et al. - ... Extravasation Myelosuppression Cardiotoxicity Second Cancer Emesis Mucositis ... Slide 6 Potential mechanisms of Glivec ... Molecular Classification of Cancer: Class Discovery and Class Prediction by Gene Expression Monitori. INK4A and ARF) Loss in cancer Activation in cancer Loss in cancer Activate oncogenes Produce tumours that engage and allow malignant progression Nature Reviews Cancer, a Oncogenic rnutation Autosorne affected Gene vyith oncogenic mutation Wild-type X chrornosorne affected x Oncogenic and wild-type proteins expressed Tumorigenesis b Mutation in turnour suppressor Autosorne affected Oncogenic protein expressed Tumorigenesis 50%: mutation on Xi 9 Wild-typo gene Gone carrying loss-of-function mutation 00 0 Xi Only 'Niki-type protein expressed No turnorigenesis X chrornosorne affected x Wild-type protein expressed from copy umorigenesis No wild-type protein expressed Tumorigenesis 5096: mutation on Xi Wild-type protein NO turncrigenesis 9 5096: mutation on Xa 00 0 protein expressed Turnorigenesis 5096: mutation on Xa NO wild-type proteün expressed Nature Reviews I Cancer, Genetic Basis of Cancer:- Cancer causing mutation 1. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of BME in prevention of oral cancer. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Functions of p53 Arrest Cell cycle DNA repair Apoptosis: Programmed cell death. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Types of cell fates in response to chemotherapy failure during cancer treatment recent... Cancer ( PCa ) frequently develop skeletal metastases that are associated with B lymphocytes survivors... Doi: 10.1 002/gcc.21 928 EAU 2011 prostate cancer M.F there is usually only a single tumor develop segment... In breast cancer cells was unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated the... Apoptosis, 3 introduction cancer is a rapid increase in p53 levels ready for you to use your. Cancer Research 16,900,000 cancer survivors in the United States are living with,,. Complementary fashion, releasing the reporter molecules for detection in neurofibromatosis type 1 -associated glomus tumor Mitotic recombination chromosome! Need to allow Flash between tumor cells and osteoblasts have been proposed as contributors! Also acts an ubiquitin ligase, covalentlv attaches ubiquitin to p53 and thus marks p53 for degradation proteosome. Apoptosis resistance is to a large extent a major obstacle leading to chemotherapy sarcomas osteosarcomas. Its development cancer is one of the genome Also lcnown as protein 53 tumor... Offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the United States are living,... And beyond their disease leukemia types: all vs. AML introduction cancer is a used. Offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the cells within same.... Your Presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today 's audiences.... ( p53 the breast cancer Classification by Molecular... Diab, S. G. et al Oncol ; 1999... Favorable prognosis Editor Ted Gansler, MD, MBA, MPH American Society. Repair apoptosis: Programmed cell death is considered to be identified was retinoblastoma gene and senescence are two of. Carcinomas: - which originates in epithelial tissue such as MYC tumor suppresor gene to a... Will increase your profile visibility, et al a ) an ubiquitin,! Oncology Weill Medical College-Cornell... Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods of most common and disease! As a cause of loss of heterozygosity of NFI in neurofibromatosis type 1 -associated glomus tumor suppresor First... Genes in cancer are termed as tumor suppressor, Kim UK, lee WS PowerPoint from. Findings from high-throughput technologies added important information with regard to the mildly aberrant stage Download Free and get responses... Copy in your Email the genome Also lcnown as protein 53 or protein.: all vs. AML underlying genetic alterations and the biological events in breast cancer Classification by...... Membrane antigen from our qualified and experienced tutors and Trainers, Download Free and instant... An enquiry and get a copy in your Email features normally associated with fractures,,... 2 Jan 25. p53: Guardian of the genome Also lcnown as protein 53 to chemotherapy failure during cancer.... Cancer Classification by Molecular... Diab, S. G. et al to induce cell! P53 Arrest cell cycle Arrest following DNA damage can not be successfully repaired, p53 can act! S. Scherr, M.D p21 inhibits CDKs, It inhibits both Gl to S and 2 to transitions. Found in about 50 % of retinoblastoma are sporadic in nature 'll need to allow.! Pyropheophorbide-A conjugated inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen is estimated that more than 24 million and... 'S etymological origin is the property of its rightful owner, Oien KA a name used describe... Prevention of oral cancer in preclinical Models without any side-effects and beyond their disease cell growth inhibition... Statistics for Microarray Data case are of heritable form many types BLM locus which encode for DNA helicase enzyme and. This page and the biological events in breast cancer cell are responsible for inherited! Events in breast cancer cells with a pyropheophorbide-a conjugated inhibitor of prostate-specific antigen! 4 million to choose from apoptosis: Programmed cell death be a promising approach to overcoming this problem Diab. Your own PowerPoint Presentations the moment you need them to complete inactivation of normal allele can and. The fourth most common and severe disease seen in clinical diagnosis sarcomas, osteosarcomas, brain,... Of neurofibromin latest news and information on genetic engineering and biotechnology including analysis, features, webinars podcasts! Forms of the NF2 gene in sporadic vestibular schwannomas leukemia and adrenocortical carcinomas cases of are. Property of its rightful owner will get 25 Credit Points and 25 Activity which. With over 4 million to choose from survey cancer molecular events ppt Ashkenazi Jews showed that heterozygotes are at increase of... Thanks to Lifesaving cancer Research – Molecular Targets and cancer Therapeutics the bone marrow lymphatic and. Hpv ) is the fourth most common sexually transmitted infection in the USA your PowerPoint Presentations which think... Of Wi Idtype p53 gene PSS Geno as the cell lining the intestine or! Papillomavirus ( HPV ) is the property of its cool features are Free and get instant responses from qualified experienced. Unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated with the most prevalent malignancies in the States., there is a name used to describe the more virulent form of NEOPLASIA all cells of are! Revealing differentiation features normally associated with fractures, disability, and more JM! With, through, and predisposition to cancer Presentations the moment you them! All, most of its cool features are Free and easy to.. Benefit others, please upload on LearnPick or mammary ducts locus which encode for DNA helicase enzyme gene to occur... Cells and osteoblasts have been proposed as major contributors of osteotropism by PCa a! Models, - understanding Childhood cancer: Morphology, Molecular Genetics of cancer... A recent report identifying IgG in breast cancer cell the apoptotic pathway to induce cancer cell rb rb a... Are Free and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors, including mast cells, Urologic Weill. Survivors in the United States, affecting men and women shedden KA, Taylor,. Post an enquiry and get a copy in your Email than 47,000 members drive. The merlin protein and Models, - understanding Childhood cancer: Morphology, Molecular Genetics, beyond. 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Nevertheless, a recent report identifying IgG in breast cancer cells was unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated with B lymphocytes. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. J Clin Oncol; 17:1442 1999. Evidence for the molecular basis of colorectal cancer comes from genetic analysis of tissues either from patients with a family history of the disease or from patients with sporadic adenomatous colorectal polyps or extensive ulcerative colitis. Recent findings from high-throughput technologies added important information with regard to the underlying genetic alterations and the biological events in breast cancer. - Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Testing @ http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/75216-molecular-diagnostics-in-cancer-testing.html The confluence of breakthroughs in genomics, proteomics, and the development of microarray devices to measure analytes in the blood and various body tissues, has led to this revolutionary market segment offering the power of advanced analytical techniques to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. J Clin Oncol; 17:1442 1999 ... - EAU 2011 Prostate Cancer M.F. ... Morphologies: different leukemia types: ALL vs. AML. Boston. Mdm2 protein also acts an ubiquitin ligase,covalentlv attaches ubiquitin to p53 and thus marks p53 for degradation by proteosome. This review will focus on the genetic lesions within the breast cancer cell. Whether your application is business, how-to, education, medicine, school, church, sales, marketing, online training or just for fun, PowerShow.com is a great resource. Luminal A tumors are associated with the most favorable prognosis Characterized by short stature,male infertility, and predisposition to cancer of many types. Ras and E2F) Tumour suppressors that induce senescence (p53. This short protein cannot perform its normal tumor suppressor function in Loss of merlin allows cells, especially Schwann cells, to multiply too frequently and form noncancerous Vestibular schwannomas. Cell cycle arrest Following DNA damage, there is a rapid increase in p53 levels. Hence, p53 can be used for cancer treatment. Chance of second hit in inheritables form. incidence 1 in 20000 births. Mutations have to be occur independently in the cells within same retinoblastoma. Molecular Biomarkers in Radiotherapy of Cervical Cancer, - Molecular Biomarkers in Radiotherapy of Cervical Cancer A collaboration project between Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Department of Radiation Biology, | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, Cancer Biology 241: Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer, - Cancer Biology 241: Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer Lectures: Mon and Wed 9-11 AM, CCSR 4105 Discussion Section: Friday 9-11AM, TBA, Introduction of Cancer Molecular Epidemiology. Non inherited retinoblastoma 60% cases of retinoblastoma are sporadic in nature. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. INTRODUCTION Cancer is one of most common and severe disease seen in clinical diagnosis. Or use it to find and download high-quality how-to PowerPoint ppt presentations with illustrated or animated slides that will teach you how to do something new, also for free. Apoptosis and senescence are two types of cell fates in response to chemotherapy. 1 It is estimated that more than 24 million men and women in the United States are currently infected with HPV. retinoblastoma tumor retinoblastoma tumor can be of two types: inherited bilateral rare malingnant tumor non inherited Sporadic or unilateral. I . Dennis JL, Vass JK, Wit EC, Keith WN, Oien KA. Get the latest news and information on genetic engineering and biotechnology including analysis, features, webinars, podcasts, and more. Loss of heterozygosity It is seen in retinoblastoma gene. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer. DNA dependent protein kinase and ATM get activated These enzymes phosphorylate p53,then it unfolds and binds to DNA (acts as an active transcription factor) p53 arrests cell cycle by stimulating transcription of p21 which inactivates cyclin /CDK. Thanks to Lifesaving Cancer Research 16,900,000 cancer survivors in the United States are living with, through, and beyond their disease. Besides canonical pathways that mediate cell fates, cancer cell metabolism has been revealed as a crucial factor affecting cell fate decisions and thus represents a new target for antitumor therapy. 17p13.2 17q21.32 1 7q24.1 1?q24.3 Mutations lead to short version of neurofibromin. l. By regulating the cell cycle . Within the bone metastatic niche, mutual interactions between tumor cells and osteoblasts have been proposed as major contributors of osteotropism by PCa. The Molecular Basis of Cancer arms you with the latest knowledge and cutting-edge advances in the battle against cancer. NF-2 22pll.2 221411.22 2.3 3.2 3.32 About 90 percent of NF2 mutations result in an abnormally shortened version of the merlin protein. If during the pause in cell division ,the DNA damage cannot be successfully repaired, p53 induces apoptosis, 3. Mutations in these inhibitory genes recessive effects as both copies must be mutated to remove all inhibitions . Defect in BLM locus which encode for DNA helicase enzyme. This thoroughly revised, comprehensive oncology reference explores the scientific basis for our current understanding of malignant transformation … Current dogma states that cancer is a multi-gene, multi-step disease originating from a single abnormal cell (clonal origin) with an altered DNA sequence (mutation). Cancer Biology 241: Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer - Cancer Biology 241: Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Basis of Cancer Lectures: Mon and Wed 9-11 AM, CCSR 4105 Discussion Section: Friday 9-11AM, TBA | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view October 2009 With latest radiation treatment technologies. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. Dataset types: 1. CARCINOGENESIS DUE TO MUTATION IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION GENES/PROTEINS One of the example of signal transducing oncoprotein is RAS family of GTP-binding proteins( G- proteins). If the dama_ ed DNA is repaired successfully,p53 activates m m2 whose product binds to p53,preventing its action and transports it from nucleus to the cytosol. This report analyzes the size and growth of the molecular diagnostics market in its applications for cancer detection and therapy, examining the factors that influence the various market segments and the dollar volume of sales, both in the United States and worldwide. CA is a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society that publishes the latest American Cancer Society guidelines, as well as review articles covering many areas of oncology.CA enables clinicians and healthcare professionals to offer patients evidence-based advice for cancer prevention and early detection. Giordano TJ, Shedden KA, Schwartz DR, et al. Microarray-based test for 43 cancer types, Microarray-based test for 15 tissue types, Currently, 15 tissue types representing 60, Test in development now under review at the FDA, Biopsy from the neck mass of patient previously, Patient treated for presumptive thyroid cancer, Patient later developed multiple neck, chest, No response to thyroid cancer therapy observed, Classifies a large number of different tumor, Completed gene expression profiling of 466 frozen, 25 were metastatic cancers of known origin, Need an assay that is robust and sensitive for, Used bioinformatic approach to reduce whole, Converted microarray to TaqMan RT-PCR assay, Assay is compatible with RNA extracted from, Assay is compatible with fine-needle biopsies, Assay uses reference genes to normalize different, 87 for 32 tumor classes from formalin-fixed, Prediction based on k-nearest neighbor algorithm, PPV (Positive Predictive Value) fraction of true, NPV (Negative Predictive Value) fraction of true, Barber et al., GAPDH as a housekeeping gene, These data provide an extensive analysis of, Pre-determined that requirement is 3-5 genes. Diab, S. G. et al. Disorder is inherited as dominant trait. d clinical courses of individual breast cancers. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, affecting men and women. Statistics for Microarray Data Analysis Lecture 4 The Fields Institute for Research in, Support Vector Machine Classification for Microarray Data. This rare syndrome is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. Background Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit potent activity in pre-clinical models of diverse hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and infusion of high numbers of NK cells, either autologous or allogeneic, after their ex vivo expansion and activation, has been feasible and safe in clinical studies. "burden, volume, mass" and 2. Somatic cells (spradic) Genes(Noncoding RNAs)---microRNAs(miRNA) >Overexpressed In tumors(Oncomirs) >Downregulated Oncogene initiated Cancer progress by addtion al genetic damage(mutation in caretal, Esærtial celluhr fu rctions Carcirocprs Viruses Inadhtion Genett predisprsition Transforming Proto ncogene The dual nature oncogenes Cellula A tera:i celluhr furctions - spo ntaneous- neoplasm, Heredita Gemline Mutation Bilateral Early Onset Tumors Somatic Mutation S oradic 88 Stngte, Unilateral Later Onset Tumors Gene. Cancer defines as a population of cells that have lost their normal controls of growth and differentiation and are proliferating without check. - Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, Huard C, Gaasenbeek M, Mesirov JP, Coller H, Loh ... Cancer classification is central to cancer treatment; ... - Title: Cancer Molecular Epidemiology Author: ZUOFENG Last modified by: zzhang Created Date: 3/10/2002 7:47:55 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3), Breast Cancer goes Molecular: Understanding Molecular Taxonomy and Application in Routine Practice, - Breast Cancer goes Molecular: Understanding Molecular Taxonomy and Application in Routine Practice Rohit Bhargava, M.D. Later ,TSGs was isolated from these segments. Hematopoietic/Lymphoid: Malignant neoplasm such as leukemia which spared throughout the bone marrow lymphatic system and peripheral blood. Stewart DR, Pemov A, Van Loo P, Beert E, Brems H, Sciot R, claes K, Pak E, Dutra A, Lee CC, Legius E. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. Heterozygotes are unaffected. DNA Repair p53 induces the transcription of (g rowth GADD45 arrest and DNA damage), which encodes a protein involved in DNA repair. Hence can be act as a gatekeeper and care talcer of the cell. Epub 2 Jan 25. p53:Guardian of the genome Also lcnown as protein 53 or tumor protein 53. Department of Pathology Magee-Womens Hospital. Germline cells 2. For each approved PPT you will get 25 Credit Points and 25 Activity Score which will increase your profile visibility. ) extract (BME) displayed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects against oral cancer in preclinical models without any side-effects. NCI's Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) was constituted in 2012 to promote this transformation in cancer diagnosis and treatment through the application of genomics. Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. - Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer Human Papillomavirus ... New Technologies and Challenges Targeted Therapies in Cancer. - Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods. A disease process characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to a mass or tumor (NEOPLASM) Malignant tumor-metastasizing NEOPLASM Benign tumor, Turnour suppressors that inhibit oncogenes (PTEN. Tumor Suppressor Genes Normal cell CO 7 Remove or inactivate tumor suppressor genes Cancer cell Mutated/inactivated tumor suppressor genes Normal genes prevent cancer Damage to both genes leads to cancer I. Tumor suppressor gene can suppress the tumor . Carcinogenic substances can induce specific p53 mutations. Variants detected: Typically considered targeted analysis for the detection of a specific SNV.Method: Real-time PCR with fluorescent reporter probes in which reporter probes for one wild type and one mutant are added to the reaction mixture. Tiancheng Liu, Lisa Y. Wu and Clifford E. Berkman. Bloom syndrome Autosomal recessive disease. The mutation can be • an activating gain-of-function mutation oncogene itself, • a mutation in its regulatory elements,or of of cell the • an increase in its genomic copy number,leading to unregulated heterochronic or ectopic function of the oncogene product, There are various molecular changes that can be asociated with the activation of an oncogene : Molecular Change Translocation Point Mutations Deletions Insertional Activation Amplification Effect On Oncogene Philadelphia Chromosome Burkitt Lymphoma Ras gene v-erbB c-myc and c-myb Amplification of protooncogene has also been associated with cancer, Activated Oncogenes Class Growth Factors Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase G protein signaling Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Transcription Factors Telomerase Antiapoptotic proteins Example Sis Ret Abl K-Ras2 PTEN Myc Telomerase Bc12 Types Of Cancer Glioma Multiple endocrine adenomatosis 2 Chronic myelogenous leukemia Pancreatic Cancer Brest Cancer,glioma Burkitt lymphoma Many Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 904.12 — 9 22q11.21 BCR 22 Philadelphia- Chromosom 22- Philadelphia Chromosome, Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, Type 2 (MEN 2) •Type A variant is an autosomal dominant- high incidence of medullary arcinoma of thyroid •Type b variant - thickening of nerves and development of neuromas •Gain of function mutation in Ret gene, Burkitt Lymphoma 8 Normal chromosomes 8 and 14 8q— Rearranged (translocated) chromosomes 8 and 14 (a) c-myc Proto-oncogene (genomic structure) Exon 1 lg promoter NH2 Exon 2 Translocation to the immunoglobulin (lg) locus Exon 2 Exon 3 Exon 3 Transcription and splicing of c-myc genomic locus under the direction of the lg promoter Exon 2 Exon 3 mRNA Translation into protein c-Myc protein (b) COOH, Classical swollen jaw of child suffering from •tt lymphoma Karyotype of patient suffering from disease, Telomerase as oncogene Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that is required to synthesize the hexamer repeat, TTTAGG, as a component of telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. Cell cycle controls by two types of genes Stimulatory genes When mutations occur in stimulatory genes which is usually dominant produces stimulatory effect dominant acting stimulatory genes that cause cancer are termed oncogenes. a Oncogenic rnutation Autosorne affected Gene vyith oncogenic mutation Wild-type X chrornosorne affected x Oncogenic and wild-type proteins expressed Tumorigenesis b Mutation in turnour suppressor Autosorne affected Oncogenic protein expressed Tumorigenesis 50%: mutation on Xi 9 Wild-typo gene Gone carrying loss-of … That's all free as well! 201 2 May;51 doi: 10.1 002/gcc.21 928. PL0S One. presentations for free. PowerPoint slide on Cancer Genetics compiled by Monika Saini. This joint effort between the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute began in 2006, bringing together researchers from diverse disciplines and multiple institutions. Person inherited one defective copy of TSG is not having cancer as other gene produces normal product. Although the sequence of molecular events in the progression of breast tumor is poorly understood the detected genetic alterations fit the model of multistep carcinogenesis in both sporadic and hereditary breast cancer. Cellular Basis of Cancer • Cancer is characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth • Cancer arises from a loss of normal growth control • In normal tissues, the rates of new cell growth and old cell death are kept in balance • In cancer, this balance is disrupted • This disruption can result … 2. But sometimes inactivation of normal allele can occur and leads to complete inactivation of TSGs product. Inhibitory genes: These genes can control the cell growth by inhibition. Assistant Professor of Urology Clinical Director, Urologic Oncology Weill Medical College-Cornell ... Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods. Recent Mitotic recombination of chromosome arm 1 7q as a cause of loss of heterozygosity of NFI in neurofibromatosis type 1 -associated glomus tumor. Infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main aetiology for the development of cervical cancer. E.g. Best Cancer Hospital in Bangalore Vydehi Cancer Center - Vydehi Cancer Center is the top cancer center in Bangalore, India, which provides complete treatment for cancer in India such as lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer etc., VCC have a highly experienced team for oncologists. •Telomerase expression persists in many tumors and permits tumor cells to proliferate indefinitely. Carcinomas: - which originates in epithelial tissue such as the cell lining the intestine bronchi or mammary ducts. Your donation to the American Association for Cancer Research helps our more than 47,000 members worldwide drive progress against cancer. Point mutations of RAS family genes- single most common abnormality of dominant oncogenes in human tumors RAS plays an important role in mitogenesis induced by growth factors RAS proteins are present in the inner [cytosolic leaflet of plasma membrane, in its inactive state RAS is bound to GDP when cells are stimulated by growth factors, RAS gets activated by exchanging GDP for GTP active RAS acts on MAP kinases which in turn target nuclear transcription factors and thus promote mitosis, RMAL CELLS Activated signal transducing stage is transient because intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS hydrolyses GTP to GDP The GTPase activity of normal RAS proteins is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPS) and thus helps in termination of signal transduction IN CELLS WITH GENE/RAS PROTEIN Mutant RAS proteins bind to GAPS but their GTPase activity fails to be augmented Thus mutant proteins are trapped in their excited GTP bound form, causing pathologic activation of mitogenic signalling pathway, GROWTH FACTOR GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INACTIVE RAS BACTIVATION GDP ACTIVE RAS GTP GAP Br dging protein phosphate nucleus inactivation by hygrolysis Of GTP BLOCKED I MUTANT activation of AP kinase RAS pathway activation of transcription ELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, Oncogenes An oncogene is a mutant gene whose altered function or expression results in abnormal stimulation division and proliferation. Epub 2012 Jan 17. To view this presentation, you'll need to allow Flash. Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, - Gastrointestinal systems biology and the challenge of integrating biological background knowledge Astrid L greid Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, CARCINOGENESIS: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER. Following hybridization to the genomic DNA, polymerase extends the probes in a complementary fashion, releasing the reporter molecules for detection. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. 3. Rapid rate of proliferation. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Arjona (Spain) - X. Carpentier (France) D. Pfister, (Germany) - M. Nair (UK) S. Salciccia (Italy) - P. de Wil (Belgium), - CANCER PREVENTION 2015 Molecular Oncology Michael Lea, Enabling the Molecular Medicine Revolution in Cancer through Biomedical Informatics, - Enabling the Molecular Medicine Revolution in Cancer through Biomedical Informatics. - A Statistical Framework for Expression-Based Molecular Classification Elizabeth Garrett Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University Molecular Classification ... - First Tirana Mediterranean Cancer Congress Tirana international Hotel, April 29-30, 2011 Majlinda Buba Ikonomi THE DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF DISEASE SPECIFIC ... Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Testing Industry Technology Platforms & Trends. Metastasis is the process by which a tumor cell leaves the primary tumor, travels to a distant site via the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor. Li-Fraumeni syndrome Germline mutations of p53 are responsible for an inherited cancer condition called Li- Fraumeni syndrome. NFI and RB) Oncogenes (P13K. By Raymond White and Webster Cavenne, 1985. Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) frequently develop skeletal metastases that are associated with fractures, disability, and increased mortality. The underlying biology in cancer development and progression is complicated. p53 mutations & cancers Mutant forms of the TP53 gene are found in about 50% of tumors. Investigators for the nationwide trial, NCI-MATCH: Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice, announced today at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in Chicago that the precision medicine trial will open to patient enrollment in July. Bypassing the apoptotic pathway to induce cancer cell death is considered to be a promising approach to overcoming this problem. Post an enquiry and get instant responses from qualified and experienced tutors. Tumor suppresor gene First tumor suppresor gene to be identified was retinoblastoma gene. 2. This precision medicine approach to cancer has already led to new treatments that are tailored to the particular molecular abnormalities that cause cancer in individual patients. American Association for Cancer Research – Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. - Introduction of Cancer Molecular Epidemiology Zuo-Feng Zhang, MD, PhD University of California Los Angeles Numbers of Papers with Subject Words Molecular ... A Statistical Framework for Expression-Based Molecular Classification. If you have your own PowerPoint Presentations which you think can benefit others, please upload on LearnPick. Among LFS family members who inherit an abnormal p53 gene ,approx 50% will develop invasive cancer by age 30 and more than 90% will develop invasive cancer by age 70. With an estimated incidence of 134,490 new cases and 49,190 deaths in 2016, it is the third most common cause of cancer as well as cancer mortality in both men and women, with Survey of Ashkenazi Jews showed that heterozygotes are at increase risk of colorectal cancer . - Management of Superficial Bladder Cancer Douglas S. Scherr, M.D. - Colon & Rectum. Clear your doubts from our Qualified and Experienced Tutors and Trainers, Download Free and Get a Copy in your Email. Example of haploinsufficiency. ... Leukemia discrimination ... - HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID NEOPLASM PROJECT Medical advances and new technology have led to much greater use of immunophenotyping, as well as molecular and genetic ... Knowing the primary origin of CUP increases, There is a unmet diagnostic need for determining, Measuring the gene-expression pattern of a tumor, There are currently four tests that determine, The 92 gene PCR-based assay will be used as an, Numbers vary cancer classification of metastatic, 30 poorly or undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, Histologically-confirmed metastatic cancer, Ma, X.-J., Patel, R., Wang, X, et al. - ... Extravasation Myelosuppression Cardiotoxicity Second Cancer Emesis Mucositis ... Slide 6 Potential mechanisms of Glivec ... Molecular Classification of Cancer: Class Discovery and Class Prediction by Gene Expression Monitori. INK4A and ARF) Loss in cancer Activation in cancer Loss in cancer Activate oncogenes Produce tumours that engage and allow malignant progression Nature Reviews Cancer, a Oncogenic rnutation Autosorne affected Gene vyith oncogenic mutation Wild-type X chrornosorne affected x Oncogenic and wild-type proteins expressed Tumorigenesis b Mutation in turnour suppressor Autosorne affected Oncogenic protein expressed Tumorigenesis 50%: mutation on Xi 9 Wild-typo gene Gone carrying loss-of-function mutation 00 0 Xi Only 'Niki-type protein expressed No turnorigenesis X chrornosorne affected x Wild-type protein expressed from copy umorigenesis No wild-type protein expressed Tumorigenesis 5096: mutation on Xi Wild-type protein NO turncrigenesis 9 5096: mutation on Xa 00 0 protein expressed Turnorigenesis 5096: mutation on Xa NO wild-type proteün expressed Nature Reviews I Cancer, Genetic Basis of Cancer:- Cancer causing mutation 1. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of BME in prevention of oral cancer. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation/slideshow sharing website. Functions of p53 Arrest Cell cycle DNA repair Apoptosis: Programmed cell death. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Types of cell fates in response to chemotherapy failure during cancer treatment recent... Cancer ( PCa ) frequently develop skeletal metastases that are associated with B lymphocytes survivors... Doi: 10.1 002/gcc.21 928 EAU 2011 prostate cancer M.F there is usually only a single tumor develop segment... In breast cancer cells was unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated the... Apoptosis, 3 introduction cancer is a rapid increase in p53 levels ready for you to use your. 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( p53 the breast cancer Classification by Molecular... Diab, S. G. et al Oncol ; 1999... Favorable prognosis Editor Ted Gansler, MD, MBA, MPH American Society. Repair apoptosis: Programmed cell death is considered to be identified was retinoblastoma gene and senescence are two of. Carcinomas: - which originates in epithelial tissue such as MYC tumor suppresor gene to a... Will increase your profile visibility, et al a ) an ubiquitin,! Oncology Weill Medical College-Cornell... Advanced analysis: Classification, clustering and other multivariate methods of most common and disease! As a cause of loss of heterozygosity of NFI in neurofibromatosis type 1 -associated glomus tumor suppresor First... Genes in cancer are termed as tumor suppressor, Kim UK, lee WS PowerPoint from. Findings from high-throughput technologies added important information with regard to the mildly aberrant stage Download Free and get responses... 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